What does periodization refer to in training?

Periodization in training refers to the systematic planning that varies training intensity, volume, and recovery over time. This approach is designed to optimize performance by ensuring that athletes can peak at the right moment while also allowing for adequate recovery and adaptation.

By structuring training in distinct phases, periodization helps prevent overtraining and injuries while promoting continuous improvement. Typically, these phases may include specific periods focusing on endurance, strength, hypertrophy, or power, allowing the athlete to progress methodically through their training cycle.

This structured variation contrasts sharply with the other options, which either suggest a lack of planning or randomness, both of which can lead to suboptimal training outcomes and increase the risk of plateauing or injury.