What term describes the set of bones that include the skull, vertebrae, and ribs?

The axial skeleton refers to the core structure of the skeletal system, which consists of the skull, vertebral column (or spine), and rib cage. This framework is essential for protecting the central nervous system and vital organs, providing support and structure to the body, and allowing for the attachment of muscles that facilitate movement. The skull encases the brain, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and the ribs shield the heart and lungs while also playing a crucial role in respiration.

In contrast, the appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the limbs and the pelvic and shoulder girdles. Long bones and short bones are classifications based on bone shape rather than anatomical grouping, so they do not relate to the categorization of bones in the context of the axial versus appendicular skeleton. Therefore, recognizing that the axial skeleton serves as the foundation for the body's structure and protection is key to understanding the role and importance of these diverse components.